The Human Rights Watch U.S. Program’s immigration work focuses on reforming harsh, outdated, and ineffective detention and deportation policies to ensure they take into account family unity, flight from persecution, and labor challenges that draw immigrants to the United States.
STF’s goal is to raise awareness about the geographic reality of the 2,000 mile southern border, why people cross it, and support the work of HRW researchers by advocating to end the deadly deterrence policies that violate human rights.
What’s Happening Along the U.S. Southern Border?
In 2022, U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) stopped over 2.7 million migrants from entering the United States, many from Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela (NBC News). Nearly 130,000 migrant children entered the U.S. government’s shelter system in fiscal year 2022, an all-time high (CBS News). Tragically, 2022 also saw the highest number of migrants deaths, with at least 853 migrants dead while trying to cross the U.S.-Mexico border (CBS News). Most deaths are caused by extreme heat, dehydration, or drowning (NPR).
In the last 10 years, the majority of migrants crossing the U.S. southern border came from the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras), due to gang violence, political/economic instability and climate change. However, when Covid-19 hit, the Trump administration initiated Title 42, a public health exception, to expel anyone seeking asylum from these countries if they attempted to enter the U.S. Title 42 did not apply to migrants coming from Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and Venezuela which is why there was an influx in asylum seekers from those countries in recent months (CBS News).
In December 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court unexpectedly upheld Title 42, allowing the government to continue to expel asylum seekers without a hearing, when 18 states sued to keep the policy in place. On January 5, 2023, the Biden Administration instituted a new policy that added additional restrictions to asylum seekers and migrants along the southern border, particularly targeting people from Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and Venezuela (White House).
Deadly deterrence policies that criminalize migrants and block asylum seekers are ineffective and lead to more loss of life. Such policies do not stop people from migrating and rather compel them to cross more remote, dangerous areas of the border. The Biden administration should respect the right to seek asylum, create safe pathways for migration, and work to create a humane, rights-respecting border that puts human rights over politics (HRW).
Take Action: If You Only Have…
60 seconds
- Bookmark this toolkit for quick access
- Create google alerts for “migrant”, “southern border”, and “Title 42” to stay current on this campaign
- Read our important vocabulary section
5 minutes
- Find out why people are fleeing Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela
- Read about the joint letter from 77 Congressional representatives condemning the Biden administration’s deadly deterrence policies
- Read this glossary of important U.S. immigration terms
- Watch this video to learn about the asylum seeking process in the U.S. (Click to watch, 1:40)
30 minutes
- Explore the testimonies and visuals of Venezuelans traveling across the dangerous Darién Gap on their way to the U.S.-Mexico border
- Learn 8 facts about U.S. immigration
- Follow a migrant family as they seek asylum in the US and end up in New York City under El Paso’s busing program (Click to watch, 25:55)
- Learn about Title 42, the COVID-era immigration rule still being used to expel migrants
Learn different ways to take advocacy action in this campaign
Important Vocabulary
Watch this video to learn how the asylum seeking process works in the United States. (Click to watch, 1:40)
Known as the “prevention through deterrence” approach to immigration, these policies limit the entry of asylum seekers and migrants at ports of entry and denies them access to the asylum system in an attempt to keep people from illegally crossing the border.
Instead of deterring people from coming, this approach forces border-crossers to attempt entering at more remote, dangerous areas along the U.S.-Mexico border where thousands have died on the journey (HRW).
On January 5, 2023, the Biden Administration announced a new regulation that has been called an “asylum transit ban” (a deadly deterrence policy). The regulation allows entry to 30,000 migrants per month from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela provided they have a sponsor already in the U.S.
The policy also states that those who attempt to cross the U.S. border without first applying for asylum in a country of transit along their journey will be considered ineligible for asylum in the U.S. (Washington Post).
Title 42 (a deadly deterrence policy) is a public health law that allows the government to stop anyone from entering the border in order to keep disease from spreading in the U.S. Since March 2020, Title 42 has been used to expel asylum seekers who tried to enter the U.S. due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The government has argued that Title 42 supersedes U.S. asylum law, which allows migrants entering U.S. soil to seek protection. Anyone processed under Title 42 is not allowed to apply for asylum (CBS News).
Want to learn more vocabulary? Check out our U.S. Immigration Glossary.
Educational Resources
Advocacy Opportunities: How Can You Make a Difference?
Petition Congress
Join HRW immigration experts and other STFers by getting signatures to fight deadly deterrence policies. Petitions will be hand-delivered to U.S. Congressional Representatives in the coming months.
U.S. Southern Border Exhibit
Host a U.S. Southern Border Exhibit on your campus, giving students a real-life simulation experience of what it’s like to reach and cross the border into the United States as an asylum seeker. (Click to watch a tour of the exhibit, 4:18)
Guest Speaker
Invite a guest speaker in person or virtually to engage your school community in the campaign. Contact the STF Team to learn more about this opportunity.
Film Screening
Screen “The Real Death Valley”, a documentary that showcases the little-known story of hundreds of migrants who have died in the sweltering Texas brush while trying to evade a U.S. Border Patrol checkpoint. Film resources available here.
Educator’s Portal–Lesson Plans
For educators interested in teaching students about migration and asylum seekers along the U.S. southern border, please explore the resources below.
Seeking Asylum in the United States
Students will be able to identify asylum as a path to lawful status in the United States and explain the main criteria for receiving asylum. Students will also evaluate the asylum application process.
Subjects: English Language Arts, Social Sciences
Grades: 9-12
History of U.S. Immigration Policy
This collection of eight lessons from Brown University’s Choices Program gives students historical perspective on American immigration policy to help frame the current situation and challenges.
Subjects: English Language Arts, Social Sciences
Grades: 9-12
Why People Leave the Northern Triangle
This lesson plan uses a video and resources from KQED news to teach students the driving factors of migration from countries in the Northern Triangle (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador).
Subjects: English Language Arts, Social Sciences
Grades: 9-12
Immigration Stories Project Unit Plans
The Immigrant Stories Project contains three units with multiple lessons that teach students aspects of US immigration, past and present, through the personal experiences of immigrants.
Subjects: English Language Arts, Social Studies
Grades: 8-12
Contact the STF Team if you would like additional educational resources.
Photo credits: UNICEF (top image), Federico Rios (gallery image left), Adriana Zehbrauskas (gallery image center), John Moore/Getty Images (gallery image right), Rich Schmitt (guest speaker), Pam Bruns (US southern border exhibit), Official Documentary Poster (Missing in Brooks County) Paul Ratje (seeking asylum lesson plan), Dorothea Lange/Library of Congress (history of immigration lesson plan), iStock (northern triangle lesson plan), iStock (immigration stories lesson plan)